Ivan Zhao - CEO & Co-Founder of Notion 100 Million Users Worldwide $11 Billion Valuation $600M Annual Revenue Rebuilt Notion in Kyoto - 18 Hours a Day ~30% Founder Ownership Stake Learned English from SpongeBob SquarePants Studied Cognitive Science & Fine Arts at UBC 50%+ Fortune 500 Penetration Ivan Zhao - CEO & Co-Founder of Notion 100 Million Users Worldwide $11 Billion Valuation $600M Annual Revenue Rebuilt Notion in Kyoto - 18 Hours a Day ~30% Founder Ownership Stake Learned English from SpongeBob SquarePants Studied Cognitive Science & Fine Arts at UBC 50%+ Fortune 500 Penetration
Founder & CEO

Ivan
Zhao

He coded for 18 hours a day in a Kyoto apartment. Eight months later, Notion was reborn. A decade after that, it has 100 million users.

$11B
Valuation
100M+
Users
~30%
Founder Stake
Ivan Zhao, Co-Founder and CEO of Notion
Ivan Zhao / Notion, San Francisco
$600M
Annual Revenue
5,800+
Employees
50%+
Fortune 500 Clients
$615M
Total Funding Raised
The story

The builder who went to Kyoto to save his company

The year was 2015. Ivan Zhao and his co-founder Simon Last had burned through their funding, let go of their team, and watched their product fail to land with anyone. Most founders pivot. Zhao went to Japan.

He and Last relocated to Kyoto - a city that costs half as much to live in as San Francisco - and rebuilt the entire Notion codebase from scratch. For eight months, the schedule was simple: code, eat, sleep, repeat. Eighteen-hour days. No team. No distractions. Just a blank code file and a vision that computing should be something everyone could participate in, not just 0.34% of the global population.

The product that came out of that Kyoto winter is the one that eventually signed up 100 million people. But the path there wasn't clean. Ivan Zhao rebuilt Notion at least four times. His mother gave him a $150,000 loan to help launch Notion 1.0 in March 2016. The company took five years to reach meaningful traction. Word of mouth did what millions in paid marketing couldn't.

Zhao grew up in Ürümqi, a city of four million in China's northwestern Xinjiang region, learned traditional Chinese watercolor as a child, learned to code through competitive mathematics Olympiads, and learned English - genuinely - from watching SpongeBob SquarePants after his mother moved them to Vancouver. He studied cognitive science and fine arts at the University of British Columbia. When most of his peers were chasing startup gold in Silicon Valley, he was thinking about Douglas Engelbart's 1968 "Mother of All Demos" and wondering why computing's original promise - that everyone could shape their own tools - had been quietly abandoned.

Notion is his answer to that question.

I was like, 'Holy shit. This is what I'm going to do.' There's nothing else that has more leverage to use my skill set than to help people to use their computer beyond just a typewriter.

- Ivan Zhao

Today, Notion sits at an $11 billion valuation with $600 million in annual revenue. Zhao still holds roughly 30% of the company - an unusually large stake for a founder who has raised over $615 million. That number is not an accident. Zhao has been deliberate about keeping dilution low, the team lean, and the mission intact. Over 35 former founders currently work at Notion. The company was profitable - or near-profitable - long before it scaled its headcount.

Founder CEO Designer Engineer SaaS Productivity AI Workspace Tools for Thought
"If someone's drunk, can they understand it? You care about your design. Your pixels. Your product. But nobody else does."
Ivan Zhao - on design philosophy
Design as a discipline

Why the furniture matters as much as the feature

Ivan Zhao forbids green furniture in Notion's office. Not because he dislikes green - but because he chose a specific palette for the space, and one wrong piece disrupts the whole composition. This is also how he thinks about software.

Zhao personally curated Notion's San Francisco office, selecting pieces by Michel Ducaroy and Alvar Aalto, touring more than 20 buildings before settling on a 1907 post-earthquake structure he found appropriately storied. He describes overhead fluorescent lighting as "hell." The brown tint in Notion's white background - imperceptible to most users, deliberate to him - is a Zhao-approved design decision.

He describes the LEGO metaphor often: Notion's blocks system was designed to be modular, composable, and non-prescriptive. Each feature risks the whole system. That constraint isn't a limitation - it's the point. "Designers spend too much time on edge cases," he has said. "Most of the time, what matters is the dumbest path. Make that great."

His inspirations run sideways and backward: Bauhaus, Japanese minimalism, mid-century architecture, Christopher Alexander's 1964 design theory, Douglas Engelbart's 1968 human-computer interface work. He has noted that in physics, everyone knows Newton. In tech, nobody knows Engelbart - and he finds that gap genuinely troubling.

The result is a product where "beauty isn't decoration," as he puts it. It's functional. Visual harmony creates mental clarity. Ugly software creates cognitive friction. For Zhao, those aren't aesthetic opinions - they're product requirements.

Beauty isn't decoration. It's fundamental to how the tool works. Software that's visually harmonious creates mental clarity. Ugly software creates cognitive friction.

- Ivan Zhao

If you study physics, you know who Newton is. But in tech? Most people don't know who Engelbart is.

- Ivan Zhao

Don't just look in front of you like tech people do. Look sideways. Look into the past.

- Ivan Zhao
Notion's Growth by the Numbers
Users
100M+
ARR
$600M
Valuation
$11B
Funding
$615M
Employees
5,800+
Fortune 500
50%+
The philosophy

Sugar-coating the broccoli

Zhao has a phrase for his product strategy: "sugar-coating the broccoli." The ambitious vision - software that gives everyone creative power over their digital environment - is the broccoli. The accessible, clean interface is the sugar coating. You don't lead with the manifesto. You lead with the thing someone can use today.

He has described it as the iPhone effect. The iPhone didn't lecture you about computing. It just made computing something anyone could do. Notion aims for the same shift: not a tool for developers, but a tool for everyone who has a developer's level of ambition.

His original Notion pitch deck, written before Notion became what it is today, still accurately describes the company he is building now. That's a rare kind of consistency in an industry famous for pivots.

Career timeline

From Ürümqi to an $11 billion company

Early 2000s
Competes in the International Olympiad in Informatics; studies traditional Chinese watercolor in Ürümqi
High School
Moves to Vancouver with his mother; learns English from SpongeBob SquarePants; takes up photography
2008-2012
Studies Cognitive Science and fine arts at the University of British Columbia; builds websites for friends
2012-2013
Works at Inkling, an ebook startup in San Francisco; studies history of computing; becomes obsessed with Engelbart and Alan Kay
2013
Co-founds Notion Labs with Simon Last; raises ~$2M from angel investors; first version of Notion built - and fails to land
2015
Notion near-shutdown; fires the team; relocates to Kyoto with Simon Last; rebuilds entire codebase from scratch over eight months, coding 18 hours a day
March 2016
Launches Notion 1.0 with help from his mother's $150,000 loan; early users begin evangelizing by word of mouth
2018
Launches Notion 2.0 with databases; adds Akshay Kothari as COO; product-market fit arrives at scale
2020-2021
COVID remote work boom accelerates Notion adoption globally; raises Series C at $10B valuation
2025-2026
Notion reaches $600M ARR, 100M+ users, $11B valuation; deep AI integration with Meeting Notes, Enterprise Search, and AI workspace features
In his own words

Quotes from Ivan Zhao

We were just, code, code, code. Then, 'Hey, let's go out for food.' Then, we go eat, go back to work, and do it again.

It doesn't make sense. Those people have taste; they just don't have good tools.

Designers spend too much time on edge cases. Most of the time, what matters is the dumbest path. Make that great.

In the next 5 to 10 years, Notion could be the front-end infrastructure for the world. Just dream of a piece of software, and you should just be able to build that using Notion.

Starting a business, solving a design problem, or a technical problem - they're all the same. You're making tradeoffs.

Eventually we learned. But I am glad we didn't cave and change our mission. Notion is built on the 70s' vision that software can "augment human intellect."

The AI chapter

Not automation. Augmentation.

Zhao's framing on AI is more precise than most tech executives allow themselves to be. He doesn't talk about AI replacing work. He talks about AI teammates - agents that take meeting notes while you think, that do research while you sleep, that triage while you lead. The human stays in the center. The machine extends what the human can do.

This is consistent with his intellectual origin story. Douglas Engelbart's phrase was "augmenting human intellect." Alan Kay's vision was personal computing as a medium for individual expression. Zhao has held this frame for over a decade. AI, for him, is not a new direction - it's acceleration toward the destination he was already heading.

In 2025, Notion launched AI Meeting Notes, Enterprise Search across Slack, Google Drive, and Teams, and a broader AI workspace layer. The company competes in territory once owned entirely by Microsoft 365 and Google Workspace. Zhao's bet is that knowledge work should feel like creative work - fluid, modular, customizable - and that AI is what makes that possible at scale.

Three-column cards
🤝
AI Teammates
"We're supplemented by AI teammates - some taking notes for us, some triaging, some doing research while we're sleeping." - Ivan Zhao on the near-future of work
🔍
Enterprise Search
Launched May 2025 - AI-powered search across Notion, Slack, Google Drive, and Teams in one unified interface
📝
AI Meeting Notes
Auto-captures and summarizes meetings, synced directly to Notion Calendar - the ambient intelligence layer Zhao has been building toward
Who he is

Seven things that define how Ivan Zhao builds

Obsessively detail-oriented. The tint of Notion's white background, the color of office furniture, the curve of a button - nothing is arbitrary.
Deep historical thinker. Zhao references Engelbart, Alan Kay, and Christopher Alexander not as name drops but as active intellectual scaffolding.
Monk-mode capable. He coded for 18 hours a day in Kyoto for eight months. The willingness to disappear into focus is not a phase - it's a characteristic.
Patient at the scale of years. Notion took five years to reach traction. Zhao never chased metrics or faked growth. He waited for the right product.
Cross-disciplinary by nature. Watercolor, cognitive science, computer science, mid-century furniture, architecture theory - his range is genuine, not curated.
Community-minded in practice. In Notion's early days, he replied personally to every tweet and email from users. He treats his user community as collaborators.
Aesthetically principled. He treats visual harmony the same way engineers treat correctness - as a requirement, not a preference.
Systems thinker. Every feature in Notion is evaluated against its effect on the whole system. Adding something easy is the easiest way to break something important.
Fun facts & anecdotes

The details that don't fit in a press release

Language acquisition
Ivan Zhao learned English almost entirely from watching SpongeBob SquarePants after his mother moved them from Ürümqi to Vancouver.
The bar story
He recruited Simon Last by sneaking him through a bathroom passage connecting a coffee shop to Trick Dog bar in San Francisco - before Last was old enough to enter legally.
First income
His app "Three Degrees of Wikipedia" started generating revenue in $0.99 increments. He found out while playing basketball and reportedly said, "What the f**k?!"
The loan
His mother gave him $150,000 to help launch Notion 1.0 in March 2016. The company is now valued at $11 billion.
Furniture rules
Zhao personally selected Notion's SF office furniture - pieces by Michel Ducaroy and Alvar Aalto - and banned green furniture from the space to preserve color coherence.
Karaoke + Notion
Zhao stores custom "Amazing Grace" karaoke lyrics in his personal Notion workspace, left over from a team celebration. The workspace does contain multitudes.
Watch

Ivan Zhao on video

Achievements

What he's built

🌍
100 Million Users
Notion is used by over 100 million people worldwide across individuals, startups, and the Fortune 500 - built primarily through word of mouth.
💰
$11B Valuation
Notion reached an $11 billion valuation in December 2025. Zhao's ~30% stake makes him one of tech's most ownership-preserving founders.
🏢
Fortune 500 Penetration
More than half of the Fortune 500 now use Notion - a feat achieved by a company that long resisted enterprise sales motions in favor of product-led growth.
🚀
$600M Annual Revenue
Notion crossed $600M ARR in 2025, competing directly with Microsoft 365 and Google Workspace on the strength of its modularity and AI integration.
🤖
AI-Native Workspace
Launched AI Meeting Notes, Enterprise Search, and an AI workspace layer in 2025, fulfilling Zhao's decade-long vision of computing as cognitive augmentation.
👥
35+ Founders on Staff
Over 35 former founders work at Notion. The company culture reflects Zhao's belief that taste and craft, not just velocity, are how great software gets made.
Connect & explore

Ivan Zhao online