A Stanford-trained physician, a cardboard box with a cellular iPad, and a group video class twice a week. The most boring revolution in respiratory care is already in patients' homes.
A pulse oximeter blinking on a coffee table in Bakersfield. Twelve people on a screen, all breathing along. The respiratory therapist counts in, the timer starts, and the program begins. - field notes, week three.
Pulmonary rehabilitation is one of the most boringly effective interventions in modern medicine. Twelve weeks of supervised breathing exercises, light strength work, and a coach who notices when your oxygen dips. It reduces hospitalizations. It improves how far you can walk before you have to sit down.
Almost nobody gets it. The standard estimate is that fewer than 5% of eligible COPD patients in the United States ever complete a program. The reason is unglamorous: the clinic is too far away, the patient is too tired, the referral falls through the cracks. The cure exists; the logistics do not.
Kivo Health is the company built around that gap. Founded in San Francisco in 2021 by Victor Sadauskas, a physician who finished his residency at Stanford, and Vaughn Koch, a software co-founder who handles the technology side. Y Combinator wrote one of the first checks. The UCSF Rosenman Institute followed. The pitch was almost unfashionably simple: take the rehab clinic, put it in a FedEx box, and run it over a tablet.
Five years in, the box has a name. It is the Kivo Kit. Inside: a cellular-connected iPad - no Wi-Fi setup required, because asking a 75-year-old to debug their router is its own respiratory event - a Bluetooth pulse oximeter, and a set of exercise bands. The kit arrives, the patient opens it, and within a day they are on screen with a licensed respiratory therapist.
A clinic-grade program, packed for a kitchen table.
Pre-configured. Connects on power-up. Joins live small-group sessions twice a week.
Bluetooth SpO2 + heart rate. Streamed to the therapist during every exercise block.
Resistance bands and a printed program guide. Modeled on ATS clinical guidelines.
In 2025, Kivo's results from oxygen-dependent COPD patients landed in a peer-reviewed publication on PubMed Central. The point is not that they are large. The point is that they exist - in a category of care where almost nobody publishes anything at all.
Source: Kivo Health published study, PMC 2025. Figures rounded.
Kivo runs a B2B2C model: health plans and health systems contract the program, and their Medicare-eligible members enroll. The roster of partners reads like the front of a U.S. News rankings page.
Victor Sadauskas trained in medicine at Stanford and watched the same pattern recur in clinic: a COPD patient gets admitted, gets stabilized, gets discharged with a pamphlet, and bounces back six weeks later. The pamphlet is not the problem. The absence of structured rehabilitation after discharge is.
Sadauskas and co-founder Vaughn Koch started Kivo Health to make the rehab piece actually happen. Not as an app to nag patients, not as a chatbot, but as a real clinical program with humans on screen and a schedule that does not bend. The AI part - and there is one - sits quietly in operations: scheduling, triaging, and surfacing the patients whose oxygen trend looks wrong this week.
Funding has been modest by 2026 standards. A Y Combinator seed, the UCSF Rosenman Institute, and a reported total in the low hundreds of thousands. The team is around 31 people - small enough that the operators know the patients, and large enough to ship hardware to homes across the country.
Victor Sadauskas and Vaughn Koch begin shipping a virtual pulmonary rehab program designed to look like a clinic, not an app.
A nationwide partnership aimed at widening access to pulmonary rehab among the patients most likely to never receive it.
Y Combinator and the UCSF Rosenman Institute lead the company's reported seed activity.
Outcomes for virtual pulmonary rehab in oxygen-dependent COPD patients land in the published literature.
Bring up virtual pulmonary rehab at your next visit. Many physicians do not realize this is now an in-home option covered through partner health plans.
Plug in the iPad. The cellular connection activates on its own. The first session is a one-on-one assessment with a respiratory therapist.
91-minute sessions, twice a week, for nine weeks. Continuous oxygen monitoring during exercise. A small cohort of peers in the same chapter of their lives.
Behavior-change coaching, medication management help, and a peer community that does not disappear when the nine weeks end.
A look at what a live therapist-led session actually looks like.
YouTube → ▶A COPD patient on managing the disease at home through the program.
YouTube → ▶A second patient story from Kivo's official channel.
YouTube →Bakersfield, again. Same coffee table, same blinking sensor. The patient finishes the breathing block, leans back, and the SpO2 holds. The therapist on the screen marks something down. The class moves on.
There is no ribbon-cutting in this story. No groundbreaking on a new pulmonary rehab wing. Kivo Health did not build a building. It built a logistics chain, a software stack, and a clinical operations team that can put a working version of a clinic into a Medicare member's house within a week of a referral.
The bet underneath all of it is that the rate-limiting step in chronic disease care is not the protocol - the protocol has existed for decades - but the distance between the protocol and the patient. Close that distance and the outcomes show up. Twenty-four percent on symptoms. Thirty-four on activity. Eighty-three percent on attendance. Numbers that, when they read them in clinic, used to be reserved for the patients lucky enough to live near a teaching hospital.
Now they live anywhere a FedEx truck can find them.