human-health
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The Danish Company Betting That Microbes Can Do What Chemistry Can't
Novozymes and Chr. Hansen spent a century turning bacteria and enzymes into industrial ingredients. In 2024 they became one company - and quietly one of the biggest biotech businesses you have never heard of.
Flagship Pioneering
Flagship Pioneering is a Cambridge, Massachusetts life-sciences enterprise that invents, builds, and funds companies rather than merely investing in them. Founded in 1999 by Noubar Afeyan, the firm runs a systematic 'venture creation' engine - generating scientific hypotheses in-house, prototyping them in its own labs, and spinning validated concepts into independent operating companies in human health and sustainability. Its portfolio has produced more than 100 ventures, including Moderna, and it directs roughly $14 billion in capital.